Lexique et aide
: Les Boutons de cockpit Vivisun étant basés sur des caractéristiques hautes performances, il est toujours bon de rapeller les unités et les titres des normes.
(ne se substitue pas aux documentations officielles)
Il est bon d'utiliser la bonne terminologie dans les cahiers des charges afin d'etre sur du résultat au niveau "ressenti" des Personnels Naviguant Technique PNT.
Flux lumineux
|
lumen (ou candela.stéradian)
|
lm
|
appelé parfois
puissance lumineuse
|
Intensité lumineuse
|
candela (ou lumen par stéradian)
|
cd
|
c'est l'
unité de base
|
Luminance
|
candela par mètre carré
|
cd/m2
|
appelée parfois
brillance.
la luminance est la seule grandeur perceptible par l'œil.
|
Rappel :
l'éclairement
concerne la lumière
reçue
et
l'exitance
la lumière
émise
Conversion de la Luminance en unités anglo-saxonne :
Luminance
brillance
|
cd/m 2
ou nit(nt)
|
cd/cm 2
ou stilb
(sb) - CGS
|
cd/foot 2
ou foot-candle
(fc)
|
foot.lambert
(ftL)
|
cd/m 2
|
1
|
0,0001
|
0,0929
|
0,292
|
cd/cm 2
|
10 000
|
1
|
929
|
2920
|
foot-candle
|
10,76
|
0,001076
|
1
|
p
|
foot.lambert
|
3,426
|
0,0003426
|
1/p
|
1
|
Le Lumen (Lm)
Le Lumen est l'unité de mesure qui quantifie un
flux lumineux émis par une source
. une source de 1 candela (1 bougie) produit environ 12,57 lumens dans toutes les directions (1cd emis sur 360°). On parle de "puissance lumineuse". Le rendement lumineux d'une source lumineuse est le rapport entre le flux lumineux émis par cette source lumineuse et la puissance absorbée par la source. Il s'exprime donc en lumens par watt (lm/W).
Le Lux (Lx)
Le lux (lx) est
l'éclairement
d'une surface qui
reçoit
d'une manière uniformément répartie, un flux lumineux de 1 lumen par mètre carré. c'est la perception physiologique que l'on a de la lumière visible.
Éclairement
|
lux
ou lm/m 2
(lux)
|
lm/cm 2
ou phot (ph) - CGS
|
lm/foot 2 ou
foot-candle (fc)
|
lux
|
1
|
0,0001
|
0,0929
|
phot
|
10 000
|
1
|
929
|
foot-candle
|
10,76
|
0,001076
|
1
|
FootCandle (Pied Bougie = 1 lm/ft²)
|
Lumen / Square Inch (lm/in²)
|
Le Candela (cd)
Le candela (symbole cd, du mot latin qui signifie « chandelle ») sert à mesurer l'intensité perçue par l'œil humain d'une source lumineuse. mémo : une bougie standard émet approximativement 1 cd.
Footcandle (Fc)
Le Footcandle est l’unité de mesure du niveau d’illumination sur une surface donné.
1 Fc = 1 lumen 1pi²
1 Fc = 10,76 Lux (1 Lux = 0,0929 Fc)
A noter le rapport avec le Lumen per square root (lm/ft2) : 1 lm/ft2 = 10,76 Lux
Le foot-lambert et le mètre-lambert sont couramment utilisés comme mesure de luminance dans les pays anglo saxons et il faut bien reconnaître qu'ils ont un caractère pratique certain.
1 pied-lambert de luminance = 3,43 Candela par mètre carré.
Couleurs NVIS / compatible JVN / BNL
Les normes que l'on rencontre généralement dans la définition de boutons de cockpits : (ne se substitue pas aux documentations officielles)
Problématiques de design et certifications (Aéronautique) :
TSO.C1D
, Technical Standard Orders (TSO) - aviation regulatory
TSO.C1D C1d Cargo Compartment Fire Detection Instruments
TSO.C2D C2d Airspeed Instruments
TSO.C3D C3d Turn and Slip Instrument
TSO.C4C C4c Bank and Pitch Instruments (Indicating Gyro-Stabilized Type) (Gyroscopic Horizon, Attitude Gyro)
TSO.C5E C5e Direction Instrument, Non-Magnetic (Gyroscopically Stabilized)
TSO.C6D C6d Direction Instrument, Magnetic (Gyroscopically Stabilized)
TSO.C7D C7d Direction Instrument Magnetic Non-Stabilized Type (Magnetic Compass)
TSO.C8D C8d Vertical Velocity Instruments (Rate-of-Climb)
TSO.C9C C9c Automatic Pilots
EASA PART 145
(atelier de maintenance) L'aéronautique civile européenne impose aux organismes d'entretiens d'aéronefs ou équipements d'aéronefs d'appliquer des règlementations d'entretien en particulier, le PART 145 (règlement CE 2042/2003) en vue d'obtenir un agrément par la DGAC (en France) et de pouvoir délivrer un certificat de navigabilité (EASA Form1) avec les équipements réparés ou révisés.
C1 Air Cond & Press C2 Auto Flight
C3 Comms and Nav C4 Doors – Hatches
C5 Electrical Power C6 Equipment
C7 Engine – APU C8 Flight Controls
C9 Fuel – Airframe C10 Helicopter –Rotors
C11 Helicopter –Trans C12 Hydraulic
C13 Instruments C14 Landing Gear
C15 Oxygen C16 Propellors
C17 Pneumatic C18 Protection ice/rain/fire
C19 Windows C20 Structures
Air Transport Association ATA 24
Electrical Power / DC supply overhead panel / Circuit breakers overhead panel / Master switches
Air Transport Association ATA 33 Lights
/ cockpit panel lighting control / Cabin and Pax Light control panel / Emergency lighting switch / Exterior light panel control / Landing lights - Taxi lights, - Navigation lights, - Anti collision lights, - Wing ice detection lights, - Pylon lights (Ground utility), - Logo lights. /cockpit lighting Dome lights, - Reading lights, - Shield lights, - Lighting controller.
EASA Part-21
Part 21J Design Organization Approval
PART 21G : Production Approval
Cockpits, panneaux Lumineux, Switches Aeronautiques :
MIL-PRF-22885 :
Switches, Push Button, Illuminated,
General Specification for Federal Supply Classes 5930
This specification covers the general requirements for manually operated illuminated push button switches, switch assemblies, and associated modular subassemblies. As used in this specification, the term "switches" shall include the associated modular subassemblies, including switches, indicator lights, actuators, lenses, color filters, panel seals, barriers, and so forth.
MIL-L-85762A
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION LIGHTING, AIRCRAFT, INTERIOR, NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS) COMPATIBLE
MIL-STD 3009
, superceding MIL-L-85762A LIGHTING, AIRCRAFT, NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS) COMPATIBLE
RTCA DO-275
, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Integrated Night Vision Imaging System Equipment Issued 10-12-01 s Prepared by SC-196 This document contains Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for the aviation night vision imaging system (NVIS) used to supplement night VFR operations. NVIS consists of the night vision goggle, interior and exterior lighting, cockpit transparencies and crew station design and components. Performance and test procedures are provided for the night vision goggle and lighting. A section on continued airworthiness contains guidance to ensure the integrated NVIS equipment installation continues to meet the minimum performance standard once in operational use.
MIL-STD-411F
, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD: AIRCREW STATION ALERTING SYSTEMS (10 MAR 1997)., This standard covers aircraft aircrew station alerting systems including general functions; operational logic; information content of messages; and physical characteristics of the alerting system's visual, auditory, and tactile signals.
MIL-L-6503H
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION; LIGHTING EQUIPMENT, AIRCRAFT, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR INSTALLATION OF (02-APR-1975)., This specification covers the requirements for the installation of exterior and interior aircraft lighting, except instrument lighting and aircrew station visual signals. MIL-L-6503H_NOTICE-2 (03-1996)
MIL-C-25050A
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION, COLORS, AERONAUTICAL LIGHTS AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR (2 DEC 1963) [S/S BY SAE-AS25050]., This specification covers the chromaticity and transmission requirements of equipment light transmitting ware in the descending order of transmission. MIL-C-25050A_NOTICE-2 (09-1999)
MIL-PRF-38039C
General Specification For Systems, Illuminated, Warning, Caution, And Advisory
MIL-STD-203G,
MILITARY STANDARD: AIRCREW STATION CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS: LOCATION, ARRANGEMENT AND ACTUATION OF, FOR FIXED WING AIRCRAFT (1 MAR 1991)
MIL-L-81174A
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION, LIGHTS, LANDING, AIRCRAFT, RETRACTABLE (20 AUG 1993)., This specification covers the requirements for electrically retractable aircraft landing lights suitable for operations on 28VDC circuits and designed to use self-contained reflector type lamps having filament voltages up to 120 volts.
MIL-S-3950F
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION: SWITCHES, TOGGLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SEALED, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR (14 FEB 1976) [S/S BY MIL-DTL-3950G]
MIL-S-8805D
, (7 SEP 1984) [S/S BY MIL-PRF-8805E]., This specification covers the general requirements for snap action sensitive switches and switch assemblies. The sensitive switch assemblies include limit, push-button, and toggle operated types.
MIL-S-3950F, MIL-DTL-8834G, MIL-S-8805 D; MIL-DTL-83731 D, MIL-DTL-7703 E,
MILITARY SPECIFICATION: SWITCHES, TOGGLE...
MIL-C-25050A
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION, COLORS, AERONAUTICAL LIGHTS AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR (2 DEC 1963) [S/S BY SAE-AS25050]., This specification covers the chromaticity and transmission requirements of equipment light transmitting ware in the descending order of transmission.
NATO STANAG 3800
Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Interior Lighting Compatibility Design Criteria
NATO STANAG 3224
: AIRCRAFT INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LlGHTlNG NIGHT VISION l GOGGLE (NVG) AND NON-NVG COMPATIBLE
MIL-S-901D
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION: SHOCK TESTS. H.I. (HIGH-IMPACT) SHIPBOARD MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SYSTEMS, REQUIREMENTS FOR (17 MAR 1989)., This specification covers shock testing requirements for ship board machinery, equipment, systems, and structures, excluding submarine pressure hull penetrations, (see 1.2.5). The purpose of these requirements is to verify the ability of shipboard installations to withstand shock loadings which may be incurred during wartime service due to the effects of nuclear or conventional weapons.
NATO STANAG 3329
Numerals and Letters in Aircrew Stations The aim of this agreement is to provide standard forms and dimensions of numerals and letters for use in aircrew stations upon instruments, control panels and displays, and as a goal for electro-optical and electronically generated characters.
NATO STANAG 3436
Colours and Markings Used to Denote Operating Ranges of Aircraft Instruments-ED 4 AMD 4 Amendment 4: 06/30/1993
STANAG 3230 Ed. 7 (2007)
Emergency Markings On Aircraft
NATO STANAG 3870
: Emergency Escape/Evacuation Lighting
SAE ARP 4392 :
Lighting, Aircraft Exterior, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible
SAE AS7788
or old MIL-P-7788 : Panels, Information, Integrally Illuminated
This specification covers the general requirements for integrally illuminated information panels.Lightplates can be broken down into 5 main types as defined in SAE AS7788.
Type III One piece plastic panels. These panels typically use front replaceable post lamps for illumination. This type of panel is inactive for new designs.
Type IV One piece integrally wired panels. These panels have the lighting circuit and lamps embedded within the panel. They are commonly referred to as embedded panels. This type of panel is normally not used for new designs.
Type V Printed circuit board panels. These panels have the lighting circuit and incandescent lamps on a separate circuit board. This is the most common panel currently in production.
Type VI Electroluminescent Panels. These panels feature and encapsulated electroluminescent lamp. Due to limited electroluminescent life, these panels have limited applications for new designs.
Type VII Light Emitting Diode (LED) panels. These panels have the lighting circuit and LED's on a separate circuit board. This type of panel is the most common panel for new fight deck applications.
Federal Standard 595
C - Colors Used in Government Procurement
The Federal Standard color system, officially named Federal Standard 595C - Colors Used in Government Procurement, is a United States Federal Standard, issued by the General Services Administration.
AS 18012 MIL-M-18012
(replaced by SAE-AS18012)
This specification covers the design requirements and configuration of letters, numerals, and identification for aircrew station displays and control panels.
Class A—Transilluminated panels conforming to MIL-P-7788.
Class B-Non-Transilluminated panels Conforming to MIL-C-6781.
Type I —White markings on black background.
Type II-White markings on gray
AIR 7301
Conditions techniques gÈnÈrales de construction applicables aux matÈriels Èlectroniques. 15/11/60 Edition n8 1 DÈclassÈe en 1987 (N/A) Les normes AIR fixent les conditions que l'Etat impose dans les contrats passÈs avec les Industriels, quant ‡ l'Ètude, la conception, la fourniture et l'emploi des aÈronefs, ÈlÈments d'aÈronefs, matÈriels montÈs sur aÈronefs et matÈriels permettant la mise en oeuvre et l'entretien des aÈronefs.
AIR 7302
Conditions techniques gÈnÈrales d'installation applicables aux matÈriels Èlectroniques terrestres ‡ poste fixe. 15/11/60 Edition n8 1 DÈclassÈe en 1987 (N/A) Les normes AIR déclassées " non valables pour études nouvelles " peuvent être utilisées comme documents de référence à condition d'identifier celles des spécifications de ces normes qui ne sont pas applicables et de mentionner dans les clauses techniques particulières des marchés les spécifications de remplacement.
DIN VG 95318-6
: Rotary switches 16 A to 200 A, not non-magnetic - Part 6: Requirements, tests, dimensions, masses, detail specification
DIN 1451 Teil 4 Typefaces
- lineal Linear-Antiqua; stenciled lettering for engraving and other processes (cette sérigraphie n'est pas notre standard sur le configurateur, mais elle est faisable sur demande, contactez nous pour plus de details)
RTCA DO-160G
« Environmental Conditions and test Procedures for Airborne Equipment » decembre 2010 EUROCAE ED-14G - Site EUROCAE Vingt-six sections constituent la DO-160G / ED-14G, les deux premières sont générales et précisent le but, les définitions et des généralités. La troisième précise les conditions générales de test. Les suivantes définissent chacune, pour un type de test, les environnements, la catégorisation qui permet de déterminer l'environnement applicable, et les procédures de test.
DIN 1451 Teil 4
Typefaces - lineal Linear-Antiqua; stenciled lettering for engraving and other processes (cette sérigraphie n'est pas notre standard sur le configurateur, mais elle est faisable sur demande, contactez nous pour plus de details)
NF L80-090A
(11/74) Inscriptions d'aéronefs. Lettres. Chiffres. Signes. La présente norme s'applique à toutes les inscriptions d'aéronefs à l'exception :- de celles relatives aux marques de nationalité et d'immatriculation qui sont définies par l'article 5 de l'arrêté du 17 mai 1971.- de celles relatives aux cadransd'instruments de bord et aux plaquettes indicatrices du poste de pilotage qui font l'objet de la norme NF L 70-132.- des textes imprimés et des dessins.
NF L70-132
(08/73) Lettres et chiffres pour cadrans d'instruments de bord et inscriptions dans le poste de pilotage. Cette norme s'applique aux inscriptions (lettres et chiffres) portées sur les cadrans d'instruments de bord et les plaquettes indicatrices du poste de pilotage.
MIL-P-5425D
PLASTIC SHEET ACRYLIC HEAT RESISTANT (06 JUN 1967) [S/S BY MIL-PRF-5425E] MIL-PRF-5425E, PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION: PLASTIC SHEET, ACRYLIC, HEAT RESISTANT (05 OCT 1998) [SUPERSEDING MIL-P-5425D]., This specification covers optical quality, transparent, heat-resistant, cast acrylic plastic sheet. The requirements are for flat sheet material that has not been formed.
MS90335D
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION SHEET, CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLES, PLUGS, ADAPTER, EL, EMBEDDED, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAMP LIGHTING PANELS (5 JAN 1996).
MIL-D-87157
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION: DISPLAYS, DIODE, LIGHT EMITTING, SOLID STATE, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR (26-AUG-1981) [S/S BY MIL-PRF-19500/708]., This specification establishes the general requirements for solid state, visible, single or multichip displays. Specific ratings, characteristics, requirement, and quality assurance provisions shall be as specified in the detail specification (see 3.1). Four levels of product assurance are provided in this specification by quality level designators A through D.
MIL-PRF-19500/708
, PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION: DISPLAYS, DIODE, LIGHT EMITTING, SOLID STATE, RED, NUMERIC AND HEXADECIMAL, WITH ON BOARD DECODER/DRIVER TYPES 4N51, 4N52, 4N53 AND 4N54 JAN AND JANTX (01-APR-2003) [SUPERSEDING MIL-D-87157/1]., This specification is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This specification covers the performance requirements for hermetically sealed red numeric and hexadecimal light emitting diode, 4 X 7 dot matrix array displays. Two levels of product assurance are provided as specified in MIL-PRF-19500.
MIL-I-46058C
, MILITARY SPECIFICATION: INSULATING COMPOUND, ELECTRICAL (FOR COATING PRINTED CIRCUIT ASSEMBLIES) (07 JUL 1972) [NO S/S DOCUMENT]., This specification covers conformal coatings which are suitable for application to printed circuit assemblies by dipping, brushing, spraying, or vacuum deposition.
FMC Flight Management Computer cockpit switches, Overhead Panel Push-Button & Switching , mode control panel MCP switch & annonciator, Primary Flight Display / Navigation Display (PFD/ND) switches & panel, engine-indicating and crew-alerting system EICAS switch control panel, devis sur plan possible
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